The Novel

Topic : Novel

Name: Nasim r gaha

Roll no: 30

Year: 2018- 2020

Inrollment no: 20691084201914

M. A: sem-1

Email id: gahanasim786@gmail.com

Paper no: 4 ( Indian writing in English)

ubmitted to :  smt .S.B. gardi department of English, mharaja kusnakumar sihji  bhavnagar university

v Introduction

The Novel is a type of litreture that That we know.  This novel is a new trend to India. Novel is very new and recent form of literature. All other form  of literature like, epics ,short stories, poem, dramas, lyris, ballads and Etc......are very old and respected forms among arts And litetrature lovers. These all form off literature are very old and introduced befor many centuries in India. But novel is very new form of literature for India and it is only during a period of little more then a century. It has occurred and taken root in India now we have a small question that we are taking about novel but what is the novel  ? we all know about the novel  form of literature but very few among us know the proper definition of novel so we will begin with definition of novel

"  Novel means the long sustained piece of prope fiction "

Now we are going  to discuss about Indias literature of novel. We all know that novel is very new form of literature and it is Introduced  in India in near period of  time. But some scholars deny to it and they put some examples of Sanskrit works like. 

"  Bana's kadambari "

" Subandhu's vasavadutta "

" They all use to say  that these works of Sanskrit  are also novels and I think they are right at some extent but at the same time I believe that description given in all that works are not appropriate.  These work are proud of our regional literature it is like a marble stone or we can say it benchmark of our  literature but we can call it novel because it's formatting differs from  formatting of novel these. These works has long narration and store and plot and even sub - plot too but then even it is not pure form of novel in Indian literature. We have to wait for novel till half of the 19th  century.

 In our India first novel is written in Bengali and it was named as 'Alaler Ghare Dulal. This novel is published in 1858 Afterwards  it was translated in english as "spoilet Son a rich family" this novel is also noted by Jack  willton in the history of the novel in India. This novel is noted as a pioneer work.

  1) Bankim chandra chatterjee :

  We  have to note that real beginnings were with the work of the grat bankim chandra chatterjee.  His first novel was published in 1864 in english and it was named as''Rajmohan's wife" and in 1864 he wrote another novel in Bengali named "Durgeshnandine " but  afterward it was translated in english in 1890 his many others novels appeared betwen 1866 and 1886 . They all are as under

- v   kapalkundala

- v  vishvriksha   (The poison Tree A Tale  of Hindu Life Bengali)

-V  krishnakantar uyil (krishnakantar well )

-V Anandmath

- v Devi chaudhurani

2)  Rabinranath Tagore :

        Rabinranath Tagore is know  as  man of religion. He is always memorable for his work " Gitanjali" in Gitanjali poet tries to incarnating the spirit of India a prophet of the religion of man. But Tagor is very noticeable novelist also.  Tgore achieved his first succed with "chokes Bali" and it was published in 1902. That novel was translated in english as 'Binodini' by Krishna kriplani.

" Here for the first time in Indian litreture the actions and reactions arising out of the impact of the external happening "

             - Dr.  Sukumar Sen.

'Binodini' is also story of a young widow too But Tagor is different than Bankim and he was more convincing in storytelling and in psychological study of character of novel. So his skills give him new height as a novelist in Indian writing in english .Tagor 's  other work named 'yogayog' is also noticeable work. Its main character kumudini gives us remembrance of character,Nora in Ibsen's 'A Doll'S House ' like this Tagor was very great figure at that time and even in now days also.

3)  Sarah chandra chatterjee :

    Carat chandra was also famous during that era. He also started with imitating Tagore and Bankim but after that he also shows his real knowledge. He mostly wrote in last decket of 19th century and fits two dacet of 20th century Sarah also  passed from the stage of Tagore and Bankim and his experiences give him real identify of writer. His done famose best and noticeable works are

V  shrikanta

V  Grihadaha

V. Pather dabi

 V. Bipradas

V.  See prasna

He wrote all his works in regional languages but most of his works are translated by other scholars in english like shrikanta was translated by K. C Sen and  Theodosia Thompson. Sarah chandra tries to portray tears and sweat of lower class and poor class and even people who has no class with his literary works for sarat chandra we can easily say that he was complete novelist who use his art simultaneously as a camera as a surgeon's knife and also as  a chalice of hope  many other writers also wrote novels in that mean time like

V Raj Lakshmi Devi's The  Hindu wife in 1876

V Tori Datt 's Bianca in 1878

V  khetrapal Chakravarti's sarata and Hingana  in 1895

The all novels were written in english have for us today no more than an  antiquarian or historical interest.  This  trio Bankim - Tagore sarat was known as ' triune glory ' or that time but some other outstanding novelists were also there in that time of era. Their names are only have been scouring the ocean of everyday life in Bengal. Their names are

Tarasankar Bandyopadhyaya

Manik Bandyopadhyaya

Nani Bhaumik

Gajendrakunar mitra

Manoj Basu

 Now a days novel is living and involving form of litreture It is the only form which is known as reader friendly form of literature and now in our India novel becomes more and more popular among the readers for our convenience we divided novels in some schools. These schools are based on theme of novel many novels have common theme but diffrent aspects. So this type of schooling helps us to understand about history time settings and etc. about history time settings and etc. about novels aenovel's background in Indian writing in english

:Rival novel

Our India is know as country of religion we are considering river as our life line and we all know that our life is gift from our mother so we always pray river as our mother and all river of India are very peas and holey for us. River is like a part of our life and we cannot imagine our life without river so this very important part of our life becomes part of our literature many novels have theme of river .  In many novels river plays vital role as it is also an important character of novel so that type of all novels is known as RIVER NOVEL in this type of novel action. takes place by the side of a river An Example.

v    In Rajanikanta Baradoloi's novel mirijiyari,  the river subansri is a participant in the action.

v    K. S. vankataramani's murugan: The Tiller,  evoking the village on the cauvery.

v    Humanyun kabir 's men and river's action takes place on the bank of the padma

v    R. K Nalayan's most of the novel take place in malgudi on the bank of the sarayu

v    Raja Rao's Kanthapura the river Hemavathy is a person and in novel The serpent and the rope the Ganges is almost a goddess.

All these as character show feminine power and personality of India.

Ø     Assam Novel:

 

     Assam's tea gardens and estate are very famous for their beauty and some novels are takes place in Assam. Those all novels describe beauty and situation of Assam so all those novels are knowns as ASSAM NOVEL. Assam's life of plantation is shown by the authors in this type of novels. As an example

v  Beena Barua's senji patar kahni the theme of novel  is life in tea gardens of Assam

v  Mulk  Raj Anand's Two Leaves and the a Bud is a strong study of life in tea -estate of ASSAM.

v  Raja rao's Kanthapura ' takes place in estate of coffee

v  Manohar malgonkar's combat of shadow also places in Assam tea - estate.

In all these novels main point is politics and human emotions and this theme  is shown in more sophisticated style

Ø     History Novel:

 Our  India has powerful past our history portion is quiet good and enough. So our many writers were fascinated towards our history and.  take some point or part of our history and elaborate in form of novel. History gives them challenge to show their creativity in limitations and that is  the real charm of writing so history is the most favorite part of our literature which writers want to retell in novel so this type of novels known as " HISTORY NOVEL"As an example

v  Hari Narayan Apte describes history of Maratha in novel ushakal.

v  T. Ramkrishna's padmini is shows  romance of 16th  century and leading us towards battle of talikote

v  Ramesh chander Dutt 's the slave Girl of Agra is historical romance.

v  Sir jogendar Singh's Nur jahan also based on romantic story of history

v  Vimala Raina's AMbapali takes us back in days of Ajat sharu and tells us story of dancer.

v  A. S. P.  Atyar 's Baladitya and chanakya and  chadragupta

          These all novels takes bake us in ancient time and place.  These novels give us knowledge of history with new operation and new significance and also new vision to book towards history and our past.

Ø     Modern Novel:

                   Some novels are shown political issues and time situation of that era. Those novels take part to bring revolution in society for the sake of society. Those novels are known as MODERN NOVEL. Some noticeable modern novels are

v     Rabindranath Tagore's The  home and the world and four chapters

v     Mulk Raj Anand's The sword and the sickel

v     K. A.  Abbas's Inqilab.

v     K. S venkataramani's kandan The patriot.

v     Raja Rao's Kanthapura

v     N. S phadke's Leaves

v     Bhabani Bhattacharya's so many hungers

v     R. K Narayan's waiting for the mahatma.

Ø   Partition Novel:

 

  Our India is parted with Pakistan in 1947 and afterwards partition becomes the main theme for novel because partition creates very strong image on mind of people. People had to suffer a lot during the time of partition many families were ruined because of it partition creates a horror on mind of people so that time is also known as partition horror our writers try to draw real picture of partition with the help of literature. Those novels are known as PARTITION NOVEL:some examples are

v     Balachandra Raman's The Dark Dancer.

v     Manohar malgonkar's A Bend  in the Ganges.

v     Khushwant sigh'S train to Pakistan we can find horror in this novel but good point is that we can find humanity also. This work is perfect balance of both.

         These all novels show horror of partition during than time. We cannot even imagine the situation of that time "    DEvendra satyarthi  " quoted that " NO literature based on hate and prejudice can.  Really be great. It. Was  a drama of  degradation and shame a drama of human decay showing how the minds of the two communities were poisoned by the dogma of two -nation theory.

   And personally I think that he is right.

Ø     Novel of social critism :

                   We all know that literature is just a mirror of the society. We can find all those things in literature which we can feel around us. We also can say that.

Ø     "Literature is criticism of the society "

     Because our authors criticize our society with their writings. Novel is very famous form of literature so to reach to more people. Writers chooses to criticize society. Those novels are knows as.

Ø     Novels of social criticism

       Let's see some examples of it

v  Ramesh chunder Duty's The lake of palms, is a critical study of social life in bengal

v  T. Ramkrishna's The give of death , takes place around  superstition and which makes people cowards.

v  S. K ghost'The prince of destiny the  new Krishna portrays utopian east and west.

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v Introduction