Archetype litrature - Northop frye

Northrop Frye's Archetype of Literature


About Northrop Frye's

He was born on 14, July,1912 and died in 23, January,1991. He was a Canadian literature critic and literary theorist, consider on of the most influential of the 20th century.

First book 1) fearful symmetry

1) What is Archetype Criticism? What does the archetypal critic do?
In literary criticism the term archetype denotes recurrent designs, pattern of action, character type, themes and images which are identifiable in a wide variety of works of literature
true, as well as in myths, dreams and even social rituals. The Archetypal critic tries to find this pattern, symbol and myth in present literary work.



2) What is Frye trying prove by giving an analogy of 'physics to Nature' and 'criticism to Literature'?



Frye compares the physics to nature by say that criticism as a science and Literature is subject of science. He also say that , physics is an organized body of knowledge about nature "criticism to Literature" physics is a systematic and organized study of Nature.
He denotes spring to comedy because comedy is a birth, reveal and recognition for hero and spring season is also a kind of birth of a new season.



He compare summer to the romance because in summer we can see culmination of life and in romance we can see sort of triumph, usually in the form of marriage.


Winter season denotes satire because of its darkness, like satire winter consider as a dark season for European people.

Autumn season denotes tragedy, as it reflects the dying stage of life, in this season all the leaves of the tree fallen down and tree becomes lifeless.


3) Share your views of criticism as an organised body of knowledge. Mention relation of literature with history and philosophy.
Literature is the central division of Humanities. Historical sense and philosophy are about morality, ethics and all these things are required when we study literature. Philosophy is about existence and it progressively moves on, its ideas never stopped. Northrop Frye says that without reasoning and thinking to jump on any type of conclusion is not valid process. We have to look upon the framework of history which is based on evidence. History is never written without evidence. Every ideas have a framework and how it grows is important to understand.
4) Briefly explain inductive method with illustration of Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene.
Inductive method signifies a journey from specific to general. As we read some specific literary work and comes to a general conclusion, in this way we extend from specific outcome to general outcome.


The best example of this method is grave digging scene from Hamlet, it is a specific scene and from that scene we come to know some general conclusion. In that scene there were two grave diggers and they seemed in quite in harmony with their work. They were talking with one another and singing a song during the time of grave digging. They were also mocking on dead Ophelia and commented that whether she allowed to buried or not. Here we can see that they have no grief for deadly one. It was their work and that's why they were habituated with it. It became their general work so they have no emotion for dead one.



5) Briefly explain deductive method with reference to an analogy to Music, Painting, rhythm and pattern. Give examples of the outcome of deductive method.

Deductive method is journey from general to specific. In music we can understand rhythm of it where as in painting we can find pattern or colors; but by listening some of the lines from everything but by a looking at painting we can get idea of it's pattern.
6) Refer to the Indian seasonal grid (below). If you can, please read small Gujarati or Hindi or English poem from the archetypal approach and apply Indian seasonal grid in the interpretation.




Spring

The fields are rich with daffodils,

A coat of clover cloaks the hills,

And I must dance, and I must sing

To see the beauty of the spring.





Summer

The earth is warm, the sun's ablaze

It is a time of carefree days;

And bees abuzz that chance to pass

May see me snoozing in the grass

Fall

The leaves are yellow, red, and brown,

A shower sprinkles softly down;

The air is fragrant, crisp, and cool,

And once again I'm stuck in school.

Winter

The birds are gone, the world is white,

The winds are wild, they chill and bite;

The ground is thick with slush and sleet,

And I can barely feel my feet.

Thanks all readers

T.S Eliot

T.S Eliot

Q-1) HOT.S Elliot Would you like to explain Eliot's concept of Tradition? Do you agree with it?

ANS:- Yes, I'm agree with the Eliot's views. He point out the tradition as that the tradition is matter of much wider significance. it cannot be inherited, you must obtained it by great labour. Talent has no connections with the inhabitants, we have to work hard to catch the talent.

Being a part of tradition we have to do great labour, it involves historical sense which involves appreciation not only of the Pastiness of past but also it's presence.

Q-2) What do you understand by Historical sense?

ANS:- The historical sense involves a perception, not only of the Pastiness of the past, but of its presence"
This historical sense, which is a sense of the timeless as well as of the temporal and of the timeless and of the temporal together, is what makes a writer traditional.
Eliot concept of historical sense is a dynamic one and not static, and is forever in a state of flux. the historical sense enables a writer to write not only his own generation in mind, but from past to present with continuity of tradition. historical sense a sense of timeless and temporal, for example, in indian context ram and Krishna alive in our life.

Q-3) What is the relationship between "tradition" and "the individual talent," according to the poet T.S Eliot ?

ANS:-




For Eliot tradition and individual talent an existing does not cut itself from the tradition , we have to work in an interdisciplinary kind of a manner . In answer of that how individual talent associated with tradition he is says that ....... Individual talent does not cut itself away from the tradition for eliot Tradition is already existing monument and individual talent can only marginally and a bir , extend it a bit . Tradition and individual talent they both go together . It can be separate .


Q-4) Explain: "some can absorb knowledge, the more tardy must sweat for it. Shakespeare acquired more essential history from Plutarch than most men could from the whole British museum".

ANS:- Eliot's concept about of tradition and individual talent, here we can see that how Eliot associate with tradition. he gave general dictionary meaning of tradition. there is conflict between traditional and Modern. Modern automatically becomes good and traditional automatically becomes not so good. it's compare with this modern writer to find in this present work.

Q-5) Explain: "Honest criticism and sensitive appreciation is directed not upon the poet but upon the poetry"


ANS:- " Honest criticism and sensitive appreciation is directed not upon the poet but upon the poetry" in this line he tried to explain that the honest criticism and the appreciation by any critic is of the work art and not of the writer. if we like any work of art it is the quality of that work we like, not the poet's personality. the problems arise from that misunderstanding and after that what happens is that the ideal image that we have conceived in our mind is broken when we come to know about the personal life of that poet.

Q-6) How would you like to explain Eliot's theory of Denationalization ? you can explain with the help of chemical reaction in presence of catalyst agent, platinum.

ANS:- The theory of denationalization of honest criticism and sensitive appreciations directed not upon the poet but upon the poetry. theory of denationalization is chemical process.


Q-7) Explain:" poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion; it is not the expression of personality, but an escape from personality."

ANS:- in above given quote Eliot again talk about denationalization . he says that whenever poet create something their own self should not reflect in their creative work. poet should learn to be aloof or detach when they create something.Eliot says poetry is impersonal it is not for showing one's own emotion or self it is about escape from that emotions and self. poet's own self should not reflect in their own poetry or work.


Q-8) Write two points on which one can write critique on " T.S. Eliot as a critic'.

ANS:-Eliot's view of escape from emotion and escape from personality.
The idea of depersonalize that the man who suffers and the mind which creates are different.

I.A Richard

Figurative Language I. A. Richard


I . A. Richard


Ivor Armstrong Richard, known as I. A. Richards, was an English educator, literary critic, and rhetorician whose work contributed to the foundations of the New Criticism, a formalist movement in literary theory, which emphasized the close reading of a literary text, especially poetry, in an effort to discover how a work of literature functions as a self contained, self-referential aesthetic object.


Richard's intellectual contributions to the establishments of the literary methodology of the New Criticism are presented in the books The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism, by C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards, Principles of Literary Criticism , practical criticism and The Philosophy of Rhetoric.




four kinds of meaning

Sense is what is said, or the 'items' referred to by a writer.
Feeling refers to emotions, emotional attitudes, will, desire, pleasure, displeasure and the rest. When we say something we have a feeling about it, "an attitude towards it, some special direction, bias or accentuation of interest towards it, some personal flavour or coloring of feelings, these nuances of interest.
Tone is the writer’s attitude to his readers or audience. The use of language is determined by the writer’s ‘recognition’ of his relation to his readers.
Intention is the writer’s aim, which may be conscious or unconscious. It refers to the effect that he tries to produce. This purpose modifies the expression. It controls the emphasis, shapes the arrangement, or draws attention to something of importance.

Coleridge

Coleridge



1) The difference between poem and prose-
Prose is a work in which events are arranged together in an order and has an end. Its aim is to give information about truth to the reader. On the other hand, poem is a piece of art in which truth is created through imagination. Its aim is to delight the readers.

Prose has simple and regular way of writing, on the other hand poem is concern, and it has meter rhyme and ornamental language. If a writer says something directly or in a prosaic form has different impression than a poet says in a poetic manner.
The aim of prose is to instruct or to give information about truth and fact, and then it might give delight. It depends on the writers. On the other hand, the aim of poem is first to please and give delight, and then it might instruct the readers

2. Different between poem and poetry.
Poem
Poem is literary creation.and poem is forms of verbal expression.poetic activity is basically an activity of that imagination.
Poetry
Poetry is the art form.poetry is an activity of the poet's minds.
For example

A carpenter makes different types of furniture- so,that carpentry is an art to create different type of furniture like chair,table etc.It is same way,a poet creates different poems,so poetry is an art to create different poems,like ,epic poems and sonnet etc.
''Poetry is the process and poem is the output''.

Words worth's preface

Words worth's preface

1. Though the video the concept of ‘Classicism’ and ‘Romanticism’ is clear now. The basic difference between the classicism and romanticism is that the former is based on intellect and the latter is based on imagination.
2)Poetic diction means the language used in poetry. According to Wordsworth, language of poetry should be " really used by men " .words used in everyday life gives a rough framework of the poetry, but if a poet is inspired then his imagination might be a disturbance to the use of language used by common people.

3. Diction Poetic means we may say that choice of language and words. In his theory of poetic diction , Wordsworth gave rustic colors to the poetic diction. And also there in new trend of writing poetry and there is new things that Romantic poet bring in their poetry. In his preface Wordsworth suggest his commitment to writing the ordinary language of people , not a highly crafted poetical one. Here also he mention that poems depicts realistic character like moral , in realistic situations. And also added the main point is that the language of poetry should be the language rally used by men, means language that is filtered by poet . and poet who gave color of imagination to the language .the language of poetry is heightened by feelings and emotions.
4. According to Wordsworth poet is a man who is a genius, a special person, capable of re-articulating thoughts and feelings. He has a greater knowledge of human mind.
5. In this poem as we can clearly see that the language used by him is simple one. The very first paragraph of the poem is written in the past tense and the last paragraph of the poem is written in the present tense. Means he was recollecting the spontaneous overflow in tranquility. He go to near to the nature and open his heart and start receiving and then he try to learn whatever he can and then create this wonderful poem.

Aristotal

Aristotle 

1 ) I agree with Plato's objection to freedom of expression and artistic liberty enjoyed by creative writers. because literature should give a mirror-image of life it should reflect real life incidents in itself. creative writers took it to another level and by freedom of expression and artistic liberty writer started writing the things which is only possible in imaginative world and not real life. Nowadays a TV show POURS is going on. In which the story of Purus is narrated but there are so many imaginative parts given. Like his life as a tribal people in childhood and then as king and the war between him and Alexander and many such things are not acceptable if we consider the real life story of maharajah Purshottam.

2) I have studied 'All My Sons' in BA program, and we can see this tragic drama as a classical tragedy. as per the definition which Aristotle has given, ''Tragedy is an imitation of an action....catharsis of some emotions''
miller's use of language is very artistic and most Joe Keller who has the catharsis, he finally comes to understand the true meaning of his actions.

3) In my B.A program i have studied “Othello” by William Shakespeare. It is not follow the Aristotelian Rules of tragedy in few things.According to Aristotle the hero of the tragedy may have belong to the upper class,but in “Othello” The hero or protagonist Othello belongs to lawyer class he is a black slave.


 4)I study to ' Othello '. Othello tells the story of a Moorish General in the Venetian army named Othello. Othello is married to Desdemona, we learn that Othello has two major enemies who plot to destroy him rendering, who is also in love with Desdemona, and Iago Othello 's employee over the course of the play ,Iago comes up with a scheme to trick Othello in to be living that Desdemona is cheating on him . In the end , Othello falls for Iago ' s sinister plot and winds up killing Desdemona then himself . Then Othello is tragic hero.
5)Yes, the plot of those tragedies follow necessary rules and regulation proposed by Aristotle: for example, the plot of hairy ape as harmoniously built. We can observe the chronology of scene. As the first action takes plays at fire room and the ultimate setting is the cage of "Gorilla" that describes the struggle of "Yank"

Thinking activity: One night @ the call center

Thinking activity: One night @ the call center

  Hello,Reader This task given by Dilip Barad sir and this task is based on Chetan Bhagat's novel "one night @ the call center. click here

   1. Effect of globalization in the novel.

  

     what is Globalization ?
It describes the way countries and people of the world interact and integrate. Many things have become globalized as people come into contact. Economic globalization is how countries are coming together as one big global economy, making international trade easier.

   In the novel we see six characters and all characters are suffering from the globalization.  In economies problem.

    Shyam Mehara is protagonist character in the novel. He is known as Black sheep  according to his family. Because of he had not big job and his family's demanded to became engineer. They are wanted to big job and Career  from him. so, I think Shyam Mehara is suffering from Globalization. 

   Priyanka did not happy for her life. while she did not take her decision for marriage and career and she fall in love with Shyam. But her mother wants to marriage with well settled man. Her own suggestion is this. so, Priyanka also suffering from Globalization in her personal life, family, and parents and in the call center also. 

  Varun did not happy from the call center job. Because he hate of American call center, but he wants to worked for life. And he fall in love with Isha. so, Varun also suffering from call center and relationship.

  Isha; She wants to become successful model. And she leave her parents for her dream. She do job at night and in the call center. And in the day she fulfill her dream with became a model. Isha's model departments sir play with her emotions and use her as a thing. I think Isha is also suffering from Globalization. Because of her two goals are very difficult to achieve. Which are  her family and her career and that's why may be she suffer from it.

  Radhika; Of coerce, She is ffering from Globalization and also through some personal problems. Her mother in low and her husband are not faithful with her. Their relationship are with tension and depresion and rather than she doing job in the call center. 

   Militry uncle; He is always be lightly speacker and he wants to live alone, without his family. And it's reason is his son is modern thinker and his ideas are traditional and old lifestyle. I think he is also fight with with his family and lonleyness. May be he is suffering from the Globslization.

   So, I conclud my points with one simple abstract. All six characters are suffering from the Globalization in this novel. All have individual reasons for this pronlem and somehow they all are tourcherd with their parents, lover, son, momey, desire, job, social reasons also, career etc. so, I think this is my understanding on this perticular subject in this novel.     

2. One of the themes of the novel is its anti-American sentiments which are intertwined with Nationalism. Had you been God, what would have been your answer to Vroom when he said "If only you had given India as much as America!"?

If I am God than my answer for Varun's questions' answer. At first stop all the fights related to religion, politics, social, familiar, econonomical and superstitious. I suggest to indian people they will focus on self confidence, hard work, and chose own way to think and live with own choice of life. And stop to become emotional and don't be senseless by other people. 

 

3.  Yes  this is wright Chetan Bhagat sport of young generation people. He wright about youth problem and style. so youth sport of chetan bhagat.

4.Yes I talk about movie and novel different translate. Novel  in chaten bhagat travels in train and  Movie in travels helicopter. So I think about it is maser different . In novel Radhika give divorce of her husband but in movie in don't give divorce. So I think movie want to show about marriage in divorce is not importance . But bhagat want to present about marriage in divorce importance.


Thanks you all readers.